基于生产和消费视角的辽宁省行业能源消费碳排放

行业能源消费碳排放核算是碳减排政策制订的基础,从消费视角进行行业碳排放研究日趋重要. 基于经济投入产出生命周期评价模型,从生产和消费视角解析了辽宁省2007年行业能源消费碳排放分布规律. 结果表明:生产视角碳排放量行业集中度高,该视角碳排放总量的78.73%集中在电力、热力的生产和供应业,金属冶炼及压延加工业,非金属矿物制品业以及交通运输、仓储及邮政业;为其他行业提供产品和服务是造成行业生产端碳排放的主要原因;消费视角下行业碳排放总量的53.79%集中在金属冶炼及压延加工业,建筑业,电力、热力的生产和供应业以及其他行业;上游供应行业的间接碳排放是造成消费端排放的主体.从碳排放强度来看,生产视角下各行业碳排放强度差异性较大,电力、热力的生产和供应业的碳排放强度最大,为9.17 t/万元;消费视角下行业之间的碳排放强度差异性较小,均低于3 t/万元. 最后针对不同视角下分析结果的差异性提出了相应对策的侧重点.      

昆明主城合流污水调蓄池截污效能模拟

为评估昆明市计划首批建设二环路内16座合流污水调蓄池(规模为21.3×104 m3)的环境效益,采用构建降雨径流管理模型(SWMM)模拟调蓄池的运行情况,对其截污效能进行分析. 结果表明,2008年的113场降雨中,调蓄池共截流污水量1 868.73×104 m3,COD_Cr、TN、TP污染负荷的截流量分别为5 195.28、810.76、68.78 t,污水截流量占合流污水溢流量的11.18%. 昆明主城调蓄池是在充分利用和衔接已建、在建的排水管网收集系统和污水处理设施的基础上设计的,调蓄池效能受既定配套条件、场地、降雨特征等的多重影响,建议加大调蓄池和污水处理厂的联动性,并采取集中调蓄截流为主、分散式面源治理为辅的策略,综合防治初期雨水径流污染和合流污水溢流污染.      

浮床栽培蕹菜根际脱氮微生物研究

浮床栽培植物是一种利用植物根系的吸收和根际微生物作用来改善水质的生物修复技术.本研究以温棚内浮床栽培蕹菜试验为基础,采用PFU法定期监测脱氮细菌变化情况,并与水中总氮含量进行对比,分析在浮床栽培植物情况下脱氮细菌的特征及其与水中总氮含量变化的关系,结果表明:1)栽培蕹菜有利于脱氮细菌的稳定生长;2)脱氮细菌的生长与总氮的去除有良好的相关性.研究为浮床栽培植物净化水质提供了理论依据,对该技术的推广应用有一定的理论和现实意义.表5,参10.     

溢油对东海浮游生物垂直迁移活动的影响

以垂直下移率为指标,研究了正面敞开区、背面敞开区、背流区和湍流区4种不同生态条件下溢油对东海浮游生物垂直迁移活动的影响.生态特征对大多数浮游生物垂直下移率的影响程度由高到低依次为:正面敞开区(A)＞背面敞开区(B)＞背流区(D)＞湍流区(C).方差分析表明:总浮游植物、夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、总桡足类和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)在4种生态特征之间的垂直下移率存在显著的差异.4种生态特征间的多重比较结果表明:中华哲水蚤的垂直下移率除背流区与湍流区之间不存在显著差异外,其他两两生态特征之间均存在极显著的差异,对溢油污染表现出了较好的敏感性.     

Distribution of mercury in di erent environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runo , and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined e ect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

Tracking Cholera in Coastal Regions Using Satellite Observations1

Jutla, Antarpreet S., Ali S. Akanda, and Shafiqul Islam, 2010. Tracking Cholera in Coastal Regions Using Satellite Observations. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 651-662. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00448.x Abstract: Cholera remains a significant health threat across the globe. The pattern and magnitude of the seven global pandemics suggest that cholera outbreaks primarily originate in coastal regions and then spread inland through secondary means. Cholera bacteria show strong association with plankton abundance in coastal ecosystems. This review study investigates the relationship(s) between cholera incidence and coastal processes and explores utility of using remote sensing data to track coastal plankton blooms, using chlorophyll as a surrogate variable for plankton abundance, and subsequent cholera outbreaks. Most studies over the last several decades have primarily focused on the microbiological and epidemiological understanding of cholera outbreaks. Accurate identification and mechanistic understanding of large scale climatic, geophysical, and oceanic processes governing cholera-chlorophyll relationship is important for developing cholera prediction models. Development of a holistic understanding of these processes requires long and reliable chlorophyll datasets, which are beginning to be available through satellites. We have presented a schematic pathway and a modeling framework that relate cholera with various hydroclimatic and oceanic variables for understanding disease dynamics using the latest advances in remote sensing. Satellite data, with its unprecedented spatial and temporal coverage, have potentials to monitor coastal processes and track cholera outbreaks in endemic regions.     

镇江滨江带湿地修复对浮游生物群落结构的影响

在镇江滨江带50 m×50 m的开放性湿地内进行实验,通过构建高位湿地、架设植物浮巢来改善滨江带湿地生境梯度和生境异质性,营造适宜各类士著动植物生长发育的湿地环境,从而达到增强生态系统延展性及增加生物多样性的目的.结果表明,高位湿地的构建、植物浮巢的架设等生态修复措施对提高研究区浮游植物、浮游动物群落的生物多样性有着显...     

桐庐县富春江、分水江库区漂浮物打捞处置方案

桐庐县富春江、分水江库区漂浮物主要由水葫芦、生活垃圾、动物尸体三部分构成，结合桐庐县垃圾处理处置设施建设现状及规划，对水葫芦及生活垃圾采用机械打捞-压缩中转-烘干（仅水葫芦）-焚烧工艺，对动物尸体采用人工打捞-冷藏车运输-冷库储存-焚烧工艺。为确保水葫芦焚烧可行性，比较了烟气直接烘干和蒸汽间接烘干两种工艺，推荐采用蒸汽间接烘干。     

处理含油废水的新型过滤器

本文介绍了Ａｕｔｏ－ｓｈｅｌ过滤器的特点，通过现场试验，证明它是一种新型废水处理设备，在操作性能、处理效果及控制大气污染等方面均优于目前炼油厂常用的溶气浮选池。     

投菌法在水体富营养化防治的应用

将美国的基因工程菌应用于某池塘静态富营养化水体中，对水体中的营养性指标进行了测定及分析，并对水体中生物变化情况进行观察，通过对各项监测指标的浓度变化曲线分析可以得知：在微生物处理下，水体的营养物质浓度不断下降，水体的浊度下降，透明度升高，得到了实验水水质明显的改善。于是提出利用高效微生物（主要是细菌）进行生物修复是解决水体富营养化的可行途径。